Research Publications

Current and Recent Research Areas

Past Research: Mine Reclamation and Environmental Protection

Past Research: Other Research Areas

Publications – Current and Recent Research

Biomass/Bioenergy

Raval S., E. Sarver, A. Shamsoddini, C. Zipper, P. Donovan, D. Evans, and H. Chu. 2014. Satellite remote sensing estimates of biomass production on reclaimed coal mines. Mining Engineering 66(4): 76-82.
Leveroos, M.K. 2013. Economic Viability of Woody Bioenergy as a Mine Reclamation Procedure. M.S. Thesis. Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Sullivan J., and G.S. Amacher. 2013. Optimal hardwood tree planting and forest reclamation policy on reclaimed surface mine lands in the Appalachian coal region. Resources Policy 38: 1-7.
Zipper, C.E., D.M. Evans, J.A. Burger, C.W. Fields-Johnson, A. Brunner, and B. Stanton. 2011. Woody biomass production on post-SMCRA mined lands over three years and comparisons with other studies. In: Proceedings, 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings.
D.M. Evans, C.E Zipper, J.A. Burger, and C. Fields-Johnson. 2010. Tree species and density effects on woody biomass production on unused mined lands: Establishment and two-year results. In: Proceedings, 2010 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings.
Fields-Johnson C., C. Zipper, D. Evans, T. Fox, and J. Burger. 2008. Fourth-year tree response to three levels of silvicultural input on mined land. In: Proceedings, 2008 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings.

Mine Reforestation

Burger, J.A, and C.E. Zipper. 2018. How to Restore Forests on Surface-Mined Land. Virginia Cooperative Extension publication 460-123. https://powell735837127.files.wordpress.com/2020/06/460-123-1.pdf
Burger, J., and C. Zipper. 2018. Reforestation guidelines for unused surface mined lands in the Eastern United States. Virginia Cooperative Extension Publication 460-144 https://powell735837127.files.wordpress.com/2020/06/460-144.pdf
Franke, M., C.E. Zipper, and J.N Barney. 2018. Invasive autumn olive performance varies in different reclamation conditions: implications for restoration. Restoration Ecology https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12906
Franke, M., C.E. Zipper, and J.N Barney. 2018. Native hardwood tree seedling establishment following invasive autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata) removal on a reclaimed coal mine. Invasive Plant Science and Management 11: 155-161.
Adams, M.B. 2017. The Forestry Reclamation Approach: Guide to Successful Reforestation of Mined Lands. US Forest Service, General Technical Report NRS-169. https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/54344.
Barton, C.D., K. Sena, T. Dolan, P.N. Angel, and C.E. Zipper. 2017. Restoring forests on surface coal mines in Appalachia: A regional reforestation approach with global application. In: N.S. Bolan, M.B. Kirkham and Y.S. Ok (eds.) Spoil to Soil: Mine Site Rehabilitation and Revegetation. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Burger, J.A., P.N. Angel, and C.E. Zipper. 2017. The Appalachian Regional Reforestation Initiative: History, organization, outcome, and future role. Reclamation Matters (Spring): 42-49
Oliphant, A.O., R.H. Wynne, C.E. Zipper, W.M. Ford, P.F. Donovan, and J. Li. 2017. Autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata) presence and proliferation on former surface coal mines in eastern USA. Biological Invasions 19:179-195.
Sun, S. 2017. Patterns, Processes, and Models of Microbial Recovery in a Chronosequence following Reforestation of Reclaimed Mined Soils. Ph.D. Dissertation, Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Sun, S., S. Li, B. Avera, B. Strahm, and B. Badgley. 2017. Soil bacterial and fungal communities show distinct recovery patterns during forest ecosystem restoration. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 83(14): e00966-17 https://aem.asm.org/content/83/14/e00966-17
Clark, E.V., and C.E. Zipper. 2016. Vegetation influences near-surface hydrological characteristics on a surface coal mine in eastern USA. Catena 139: 241-249.
Franke, Morgan. 2016. Understanding Invasive Species Impacts on Reclaimed Surface-Mined Lands. M.S. Thesis, Plant Pathology Physiology and Weed Science, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Gondran, Amy. 2016. Vegetative Potential to Reduce Total Dissolved Solid Nutrient Ions Generated from Reclaimed Mine Lands in Central Appalachia. M.S. Thesis, Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Avera, B.N., B.D. Strahm, J.A. Burger, and C.E. Zipper. 2015. Development of ecosystem structure and function on reforested surface-mined lands. New Forests 46:683-702.
Oliphant, A.J. 2015. Mapping Elaeagnus umbellata on Coal Surface Mines using Multitemporal Landsat Imagery. M.S. Thesis, Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Zipper, C., C. Barton, J. Franklin, P. Angel, J. Skousen, and J.A. Burger. 2015. Best Practices for forest restoration when reclaiming surface coal mines. In: Jarvie-Eggart, M. (ed). Responsible Mining: Sustainable Practices in the Mining Industry. Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration. SME-AIME, Littleton, CO.
Avera, B.N. 2014. Development of Ecosystem Structure and Function on Reforested Surface Mined Lands. M.S. Thesis, Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation. Virginia Tech, https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Fields-Johnson, C.W., J.A. Burger, D.M. Evans, and C.E. Zipper. 2014. Ripping improves tree survival and growth on unused reclaimed mined lands. Environmental Management 53:1059-1065.
Evans, D.M., C.E. Zipper, J.A. Burger, B. Strahm, and A. Villamagna. 2013. Reforestation practice for enhancement of ecosystem services on a compacted surface mine: Path toward ecosystem recovery. Ecological Engineering 51: 16-23.
Koropchak, S., C. Zipper, J. Burger, and D. Evans. 2013. Native tree and herbaceous establishment on an experimentally reclaimed Appalachian coal mine. Journal of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation 2: 32-55.
Zipper, C.E., J.A. Burger, C.D. Barton and J.G. Skousen. 2013. Rebuilding soils on mined land for native forests in Appalachia, USA. Soil Science Society of America Journal 77: 337-349.
Zipper, C.E., J.A. Burger, D.M. Evans and P. Donovan. 2012. Young forest composition and growth on a reclaimed Appalachian coal surface mine after nine years. Journal of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation 1:56-84.
Burger, J.A. 2012. Ecosystem restoration: A critical component of sustainable mining and reclamation. In: Proceedings, 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Craig, N. 2012. Properties and Potentials of Coal Mine Soils in Southwest Virginia 29 Years After Establishment. M.S. Thesis, Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation. Virginia Tech, https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Fields-Johnson, C.W., J.A. Burger, D.M. Evans, and C.E. Zipper. 2012. American chestnut establishment techniques on reclaimed Appalachian surface mined lands. Ecological Restoration 30: 99-101.
Fields-Johnson, C.W., C.E. Zipper, J.A. Burger, and D.M. Evans. 2012. Forest restoration on steep slopes after coal surface mining in Appalachian USA: Soil grading and seeding effects. Forest Ecology and Management 270: 126-134.
Franklin, J.A., C.E. Zipper, J.A. Burger, J.G. Skousen, and D.F. Jacobs. 2012. Influence of herbaceous ground cover on forest restoration of eastern US coal surface mines. New Forests 43: 905–924.
Sen, S., C.E. Zipper, R. Wynne, and P. Donovan. 2012. Identifying revegetated mines as disturbance/recovery trajectories using an interannual landsat chronosequence. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing 78: 233-235.
Zipper, C.E., J.A. Burger, D.M. Evans, and P. Donovan. 2012. Young forest composition and growth on a reclaimed Appalachian coal surface mine after nine years. In: Proceedings, 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Mining and Reclamation, (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Burger, J.A. 2011. Sustainable mined land reclamation in the Eastern U.S. coalfields: A case for an ecosystem reclamation approach. In: Proceedings, 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation, (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Burger, J., C. Zipper, P. Angel, D. Evans, and S. Eggerud. 2011. Reforestation guidelines for unused surface mined lands: Development, application, and adoption. In: Proceedings, 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation, (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Fields-Johnson, C.W. 2011. Appalachian surface mine reforestation techniques: effects of grading, cultural treatments and species selection. M.S. Thesis, Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Sen S., C.E. Zipper, R.H. Wynne, P.F. Donovan, and J.W. Coulston. 2011. Using satellite imagery to characterize locations, ages and woody canopy cover of reclaimed surface mines in Appalachia, USA. In: Proceedings, 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation, (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Skousen, J., C. Zipper, J. Burger, P. Angel, and C. Barton. 2011. Selecting topsoil substitutes for forestry mine soils. In: Proceedings, 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Zipper, C.E., J.A. Burger, J. M. McGrath, J. A. Rodrigue, and G. I. Holtzman. 2011. Forest Restoration Potentials of Coal-Mined Lands in the Eastern United States. Journal of Environmental Quality 40:1567-1577.
Zipper, C.E., J.A. Burger, J.G. Skousen, P.N. Angel, C.D. Barton, V. Davis, and J.A. Franklin. 2011. Restoring forests and associated ecosystem services on Appalachian coal surface mines. Environmental Management 47:751-765.
Zipper, C.E., D.M. Evans, J.A. Burger, C.W. Fields-Johnson, A. Brunner, and B. Stanton. 2011. Woody biomass production on post-SMCRA mined lands over three years and comparisons with other studies. In: Proceedings, 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Showalter, J., J. Burger, and C. Zipper. 2010. Hardwood seedling growth on different mine spoil types with and without topsoil amendment. Journal of Environmental Quality 39: 483-491.
Burger, J.A, D.M. Evans. 2010. Ripping compacted mine soils improved tree growth 18 years after planting. In: Proceedings, 2010 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Evans, D.E. C.E Zipper, J.A. Burger, and C. Fields-Johnson. 2010. Tree species and density effects on woody biomass production on unused mined lands: Establishment and two-year results. In: Proceedings, 2010 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Fields-Johnson, C., J. Burger, D. Evans, C. Zipper. 2010. Response of improved American chestnuts to planting practices on reclaimed surface mined land. In: Proceedings, 2010 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Fields-Johnson, C., C. E. Zipper, J.A. Burger and D.M. Evans. 2010. Second year response of Appalachian mixed hardwoods to soil surface grading and herbaceous ground cover on reclaimed mine land. In: Proceedings, 2009 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Burger, J.A., and C. E. Zipper. 2009. Maximizing the Value of Forests on Reclaimed Mined Land. Virginia Cooperative Extension Publication 460-138. https://powell735837127.files.wordpress.com/2020/06/460-138_pdf.pdf/li>
Angel, P., J.A. Burger, V.M. Davis, C.D. Barton, M. Bower, S.D. Eggerud, and P. Rothman. 2009. The forestry reclamation approach and the measure of its success in appalachia. In: Proceedings, 2009 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Burger, J.A., and A.G. Fannon. 2009. Capability of reclaimed mined land for supporting reforestation with seven Appalachian hardwood species, In: Proceedings, 2009 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Fields-Johnson, C., C. E. Zipper, J.A. Burger, and D. M. Evans. 2009. First year response of mixed hardwoods and improved American chestnuts to compaction and hydroseed treatments on reclaimed mine land. In: Proceedings, 2009 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Amichev, B. Y., J. A. Burger, and J. A. Rodrigue. 2008. Carbon sequestration by forests and soils on mined land in the Midwestern and Appalachian coalfields of the U. S. Forest Ecology and Management 256:1949-1959.
Showalter, J. M., and J. A. Burger. 2009. Hardwood seedling growth on different mine soil types with and without topsoil inoculation. Journal of Environmental Quality 39(2):483-491.
Burger, J., D. Mitchem, C. Zipper, R. Williams. 2008. Native hardwood reforestation after five years for Phase III bond release. In: Proceedings, 2008 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Fields-Johnson, C., T. Fox, J. Burger, and C. Zipper. 2008. Fourth-year tree response to three levels of silvicultural input on mined land. In: Proceedings, 2008 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Amichev, B.Y. 2007. Biogeochemistry of Carbon on Mined Landscapes. Ph.D. Dissertation. Department of Forestry, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Burger, J.A., D. Mitchem, and W.L. Daniels. 2007. Red oak seedling response to different topsoil substitutes after five years. In: Proceedings, 2007 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Casselman, C. N., T. R. Fox, and J. A. Burger. 2007. Thinning response of a white pine stand on a reclaimed surface mine in southwest Virginia. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 24(1): 9-13.
Showalter, J. M., J. A. Burger, C. E. Zipper, J. M. Galbraith and P. Donovan. 2007. Physical, chemical, and biological mine soil properties influence white oak seedling growth. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 31:99-107.
Zipper, C., J.A. Burger, J.M. McGrath, and B. Amichev. 2007. Carbon accumulation potentials of post-SMCRA coal-mined lands. In: Proceedings, 2007 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Amichev, B. Y., and J. A. Burger. 2006. Carbon sequestration on mined land supporting grasslands: Soil organic carbon accumulation and distribution. In: Proceedings, 2006 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Casselman, C., T. Fox, J. Burger. 2006. First-year survival and growth of three species assemblages planted on reclaimed mine land as affected by three levels of silvicultural intensity. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-92. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Asheville, NC.
Showalter, J. M., J. A. Burger. 2006. Growth of three Appalachian hardwood species in different mine spoil types with and without topsoil inoculation. In: Proceedings, 2006 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Auch, W. T., J. A. Burger, and D. O. Mitchem. 2005. Hardwood stocking after five years on reclaimed mined land in the Central Appalachians. In: Proceedings, 2005 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Burger, J.A., D. O. Mitchem, C. E. Zipper, and R. Williams. 2005. Herbaceous ground cover effects on native hardwoods planted on mined land. In: Proceedings, 2005 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Casselman, T.C. N., T. R. Fox, J. A. Burger, and A. T. Jones. First-year seedling response to three levels of silvicultural input on post-SMCRA reclaimed lands. In: Proceedings, 2005 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Mining and Reclamation (ASMR. https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Jones, A. T., J. M. Galbraith, and J. A. Burger. 2005. Development of a forest site quality classification model for mine soils in the Appalachian Coalfield Region. In: Proceedings, 2005 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Showalter, J.M., J. A. Burger, C. E. Zipper, and J. Galbraith, 2005. Influence of physical, chemical, and biological mine soil properties on white oak growth. In: Proceedings, 2005 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Showalter, J. M. 2005. Evaluation of Topsoil Substitutes for Hardwood Reforestation of Mined Land. M.S. Thesis, Department of Forestry, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Rodrigue, J A., and J. A. Burger. 2004. Forest soil productivity of mined land in the midwestern and eastern coalfield regions. Soil Science Society of America Journal 68: 833-844.
Aggett, J., J. Sullivan, G. Amacher, and J. A. Burger. 2004. Financial cost to landowners associated with forestland conversion to non-productive uses in the process of surface mining. In: Proceedings, 2004 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Mining and Reclamation (ASMR), and 25th West Virginia Surface Mine Drainage Task Force Symposium. https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Amichev, B, J. A. Burger, and J. A. Rodrigue. 2004. Carbon sequestration by forests and soils on mined land in the Midwestern and Appalachian coalfields: Preliminary results. In: Proceedings, 2004 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Mining and Reclamation (ASMR), and 25th West Virginia Surface Mine Drainage Task Force Symposium. https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Auch, W. E., J. A. Burger, and D. O. Mitchem. 2004. Influence of site factors on the survival and growth of early- and late-successional Appalachian hardwoods on reclaimed mined land. In: Proceedings, 2004 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Mining and Reclamation (ASMR), and 25th West Virginia Surface Mine Drainage Task Force Symposium. https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Burger, J.A. 2004. Restoring forests on mined land in the Appalachians: Results and outcomes of a 20-year research program. In: Proceedings, 2004 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Mining and Reclamation (ASMR), and 25th West Virginia Surface Mine Drainage Task Force Symposium. https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Burger, J.A., W. Auch, R. Oderwald, and M. Eisenbies. 2003. White pine growth and yield on a mined site in Virginia: Response to thinning and pruning. In: Proceedings, 2003 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Mining and Reclamation, (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Burger, J.A. 2002. Achieving forestry goals on mined land: Mine site conditions, species composition, and stand development of economically viable hardwoods forests. Paper 2-6, in: K. Vories (ed.). Proceedings, Market-Based Approaches to Mined Land Reclamation and Reforestation: A Technical Interactive Forum. U.S. Office of Surface Mining, Mid-Continent Region.
Burger, J.A., D.O. Mitchem, and D.A. Scott. 2002. Field assessment of mine site quality for establishing hardwoods in the Appalachians. In: Proceedings, 2002 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Mining and Reclamation, (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Rodrigue, J.A., and J.A. Burger, 2002. Forest productivity and values of pre-SMCRA mined land. In: K. Vories (ed.). Proceedings, Market-Based Approaches to Mined Land Reclamation and Reforestation: A Technical Interactive Forum. U.S. Office of Surface Mining, Mid-Continent Region.
Rodrigue, J.A., J.A. Burger, and R.G. Oderwald. 2002 Forest productivity and commercial value of pre-law reclaimed mined land in the eastern United States. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 19 (3): 106-114.
Bendfeldt, E. S., J. A. Burger, and W. L. Daniels. 2001. Quality of amended mine soils after 16 years. Soil Science Society of America Journal 65: 1736-1744.
Rodigue, J.A. 2001. Woody Species Diversity, Forest and Site Productivity, Stumpage Value, and Carbon Sequestration of Forests on Mined Lands Reclaimed Prior to the Passage of the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977. M.S. Thesis, Department of Forestry, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Burger, J.A., J. Torbert, S. Schoenholtz, and R. Kreh. 2000. Performance of three pine species after eleven years on pre- and post-law mined sites in Virginia. In: Proceedings, 2000 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Rodrigue, Jason, and J.A. Burger. 2000. Forest productivity and woody species diversity on pre-SMCRA mined land. In: Proceedings, 2000 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Torbert, J.L., and J.A. Burger. 2000. Forest Land Reclamation. In: R. Barnhisel, W.L. Daniels, and R. Darmody (eds). Reclamation of Drastically Lands. American Society of Agronomy. Madison, WI.
Torbert, J.L., S.H. Schoenholtz, J.A. Burger, and R.E. Kreh. 2000. Growth of three pine species on pre- and post-SMCRA land in Virginia. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 17(3):95-99.
Bendfeldt, E. S., J. A. Burger, W. L. Daniels, and C. M. Feldhake. 1999. Dynamics and characterization of soil organic matter in mine soils sixteen years after amendment with native soil, sawdust, and sludge. In: Proceedings, 1999 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation. (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Bendfeldt, E. S. 1999. Dynamics and Characterization of Soil Organic Matter in Mine Soils 16 Years after Amendment with Topsoil, Sawdust, and Sewage Sludge. M.S. Thesis, Forestry, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Burger, J. A. 1999. Academic research perspective on experiences, trends, constraints, and needs related to reforestation of mined land. In: K. Vories (ed.) Reforestation of Mined Land. U.S. Office of Surface Mining. Washington, DC.
Burger, J. A. and J. L. Torbert. 1999. Status of reforestation technology: The Appalachian region. In: K. Vories (ed.) Reforestation of Mined Land. U.S. Office of Surface Mining. Washington, DC.
Andrews, J.A., J.E. Johnson, J.L. Torbert, J.A. Burger, and D.L. Kelting. 1998. Minesoil properties associated with early height growth of eastern white pine. Journal of Environmental Quality 27:192-198.
Burger, James, and W. Maxey. 1998. Maximizing the value of forests on reclaimed mined land. Green Lands (Spring): 37-45.
Kelting, D.L., C.M. Siegal, and J.A. Burger. 1997. Value of commercial forestry as a post-mining land use. In: Proceedings, 1997 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation. (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Faulconer, R. D. 1996. Organic Amendment Effects on Carbon and Nitrogen Mineralization in an Appalachian Minesoil. M.S. Thesis, Forestry, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Faulconer, R.D., J. Burger, S. Schoenholtz, and R. Kreh. 1996. Organic amendment effects on nitrogen and carbon mineralization in an Appalachian minesoil. In: Proceedings, 1996 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation. (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Torbert, J.L., and J. Burger. 1996. Influence of grading intensity on herbaceous ground cover, erosion, and tree establishment in the southern Appalachians. In: Proceedings, 1996 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation. (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Torbert, John L. 1995. Reclamation of Surface-mined Forest Land in the Southern Appalachians. Ph.D. Dissertation. Forestry, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Torbert, J.L., S. Brown, and J. Burger. 1995. Interplanting of loblolly pine with nitrogen-fixing nurse trees on a reclaimed surface mine in Virginia. In: Proceedings, 1995 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation. (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Torbert, J.L., J. Burger, and T. Probert. 1995. Evaluation of techniques to improve white pine establishment on Appalachian minesoils . Journal of Environmental Quality 24:869-873.
Burger. J.A., J.E. Johnson, J.A. Andrews, and J.L. Torbert. 1994. Measuring mine soil productivity for forests. In: Proceedings, 1994 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Johnson, J.E., J.L. Torbert, and J.A. Burger. 1994. Reclaiming surface-mined forest land. Land and Water 38 (May-June): 24-27.
Torbert, J.L., and J.A. Burger. 1994. Influence of grading intensity on ground cover establishment, erosion, and tree establishment on steep slopes. In: Proceedings, 1994 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Torbert, J.L., J.A. Burger, and J.E. Johnson. 1994. Commercial forestry as a post-mining land use. Virginia Cooperative Extension Publication 460-136 (out of print).
Torbert, J. and J. A. Burger. 1993. Commercial forest land as a postmining land-use: A win-win-win opportunity for coal operators, landowners, and society in the Central Appalachians. In: Proceedings, 1993 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Andrews, Jeffrey A. 1992. Soil Productivity Model to Assess Forest Site Quality on Reclaimed Surface Mines. M.S. Thesis, Forestry, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Andrews, J.A., J.L. Torbert, J.E. Johnson, and J.A. Burger. 1992. Effects of minesoil properties on white pine (Pinus strobus) height growth. In: Proceedings, 1992 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Burger, J.A., and J.L. Torbert. 1992. Restoring forests on surface mined lands: Results of a 10-year study. Virginia Forests 48(1):9-12.
Torbert, J.L., and J.A. Burger. 1992. Influence of grading intensity on ground cover establishment, erosion, and tree establishment. In: Proceedings, 1992 National Meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Torbert, J.L., J.E. Johnson, and J.A. Burger. 1992. Better reclamation with trees – A videotape. In: Proceedings, 1992 National Meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Schoenholtz, Steven H., J.A. Burger, and R.E. Kreh. 1992. Fertilizer and organic amendments effects on mine soil properties and revegetation success. Soil Science Society of America Journal 56:1177-1184.
Torbert, J.L., T. Probert, and J.A. Burger. 1991. A reforestation case study on a reclaimed Appalachian mine soil in West Virginia. In: Proceedings 1991, Annual Meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Burger, J.A., and J.L. Torbert. 1990. Mined land reclamation for wood production in the Appalachian region. In: Proceedings, 1990 Annual meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Probert, Timothy, R. Gallimore, J.L. Torbert, and J.A. Burger. 1990. Results of eastern white pine establishment study in southern West Virginia after four years. In: Proceedings, 1990 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Schoenholtz, Stephen, J.A. Burger, and R.E. Kreh. 1990. Influence of reforestation reclamation treatments on nitrogen dynamics in minesoils. In: Proceedings, 1990 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Torbert, J.L., and J.A. Burger. 1990. Guidelines for establishing productive forest land on reclaimed surface mines in the central Appalachians. In: Proceedings, 1990 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Torbert, J.L., and J.A. Burger. 1990. Tree survival and growth on graded and ungraded minesoil. Tree Planters Notes 41(2):3-5.
Torbert, J.L., J.A. Burger, and W.L. Daniels. 1990. Pine growth variation associated with overburden rock type on a reclaimed surface mine in Virginia. Journal of Environmental Quality 19(1):88-92.
Torbert, J.L., and J.E. Johnson. 1990. Guidelines for establishing Paulownia tomentosa on reclaimed mine soils. Virginia Cooperative Extension publication 460-118 (out of print).
Torbert, J.L., T. Probert, J.A. Burger, and R. Gallimore. 1990. Creating productive forests on surface mined land. Green Lands (Spring): 28-31.
Moss, Stuart, J. Burger, and W.L. Daniels. 1989. Pitch X loblolly pine growth in organically amended mine soils. Journal of Environmental Quality 18:110-115.
Klemp, M.T. 1988. Five-year Fertilizer and Ground Cover Effects on Surface Mined Soils and Pine Growth. M.S. Thesis, Department of Forestry, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Torbert, J. L., J. A. Burger, and W. L. Daniels. 1988. Minesoil Factors Influencing the Productivity of New Forests on Reclaimed Surface Mines in Southwestern Virginia. In: Proceedings, 1988 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation. (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Torbert, J.L., A.R. Tuladhar, J.A. Burger, and J.C. Bell. 1988. Minesoil property effects on the height of ten-year -old white pine. Journal of Environmental Quality 17(2):189-192.
Schoenholtz, S. H., J. A. Burger, and J. L. Torbert. 1987. Natural mycorrhizal colonization of pines on reclaimed surface mines in Virginia. Journal of Environmental Quality 16(2); 143-146.
Klemp, M. T., J. L. Torbert, J. A. Burger, and S. H. Schoenholtz. 1986. The effect of fertilization and chemical weed control on the growth of three pine species on an abandoned bench and return-to-contour site in southwestern Virginia. In: Proceedings 1986 Symposium on Mining, Hydrology, Sedimentology, and Reclamation. University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.
Moss, S. A. 1986. Nitrogen Availability and Pine Seedling Growth in Organically-Amended Mine Soils. M.S. Thesis, Forestry, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Schoenholtz, S. H., J. L. Torbert, and J. A. Burger. 1986. Factors affecting seedling ectomycorrhizae on reclaimed surface mines in Virginia. In: Proceedings, 1986 Symposium on Mining, Hydrology, Sedimentology, and Reclamation. University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.
Torbert, J. L., J. A. Burger, and W. L. Daniels. 1986. The importance of overburden selection for reforestation of mine spoils. Virginia Cooperative Extension publication 460-111 (out of print)
Torbert, J. L., J. A. Burger, and R. E. Kreh. 1986. Nutrient concentration effects on Pisolithus tinctorius development on containerized loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings. Tree Planters’ Notes 37:17-22.
Torbert, J. L., J. A. Burger, and T. J. Nichols. 1986. Reforestation seed mixtures for hydroseeding reclaimed mined land. Virginia Cooperative Extension publication 460-112 (out of print).
Torbert, J. L., J. A. Burger, and R. E. Preve. 1986. The effect of ground cover species and nitrogen fertilizer rate on the successful establishment of hydroseeded trees. In: Proceedings, 1986 Symposium in Mining, Hydrology, Sedimentology, and Reclamation. University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.
Tuladhar, A. R. 1986. Mine Soil Properties Influencing White Pine (Pinus strobus L.) Growth in Southwest Virginia. M.S. Thesis, Forestry, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Torbert, J. L., J. A. Burger, and W. L. Daniels. 1985. Effect of overburden type and organic amendments on the growth of pines on a reclaimed surface mine.In: E. Shoulders (ed). Proceedings of the Third Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conference. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. SO-54.
Torbert, J. L., J. A. Burger, J. N. Lien, and S. H. Schoenholtz. 1985. Results of a tree species trial on a recontoured surface mine in southwestern Virginia. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 9:150-153.
Preve, R. E., J. A. Burger, and R. E. Kreh. 1984. The influence of mine-spoil type, fertilizer, and mycorrhizae on pines seeded in greenhouse trays. Journal of Environmental Quality 13:387-391.
Schoenholtz, S. H., and J. A. Burger. 1984. Influence of cultural treatments on survival and growth of pines on strip-mined sites. Reclamation and Revegetation Research 3:223-237.
Torbert, J. L., J. A. Burger, and M. C. Vodak. 1984. Establishing bare root pine seedlings on reclaimed surface mines in southwest Virginia. Virginia Cooperative Extension publication 460-104 (out of print).
Burger, J. A., S. H. Schoenholtz, R. E. Preve, and J. L. Torbert. 1983. Research progress on the use of forest regeneration techniques for surface-mine reclamation in southwestern Virginia. In: Better Reclamation with Trees. Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN.
Schoenholtz. S. H. 1983. Survival and Growth of Pine Seedlings on Strip-Mined Sites. M.S. Thesis, Forestry, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Schoenholtz, S. H., and J. A. Burger. 1983. First year survival and growth of containerized pine (Pinus spp.) seedlings on strip mined lands as affected by cultural treatments and edaphic factors. In: Proceedings of the Second Southern Silvicultural Research Conference. USDA. Forest Service Gen Tech. Rep. SE-24.
Preve, R. E. 1983. Hydroseeding Pine-Grass-Legume Mixture for Erosion Control and Reforestation of Mine Spoils. M.S. Thesis, Forestry, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534

Soil Weathering; Soil Construction and Development

Daniels, W.L., and C.E. Zipper. 2018. Creation and Management of Productive Mine Soils. Virginia Cooperative Extension Publication 460-121. https://powell735837127.files.wordpress.com/2020/06/460-121-1.pdf
Nash W., W. Daniels, K. Haering, J. Burger, and C. Zipper. 2016. Long-term effects of rock type on Appalachian coal mine soil properties. Journal of Environmental Quality 45:1597-1606.
Skousen, J.G., and C.E. Zipper. 2014. Post-mining policies and practices in the Eastern USA coal region. International Journal of Coal Science and Technology 1: 135-151.
Yarwood, S., A. Wick, M. Williams, and W. Daniels. 2015. Parent material and vegetation influence early soil microbial community establishment following 30-years of rock weathering. Microbial Ecology 69: 383-94.
Wick, A., W. Daniels, W. Nash and J. Burger. 2014. Aggregate recovery in reclaimed coal mine soils of southwest Virginia. Land Degradation and Development 27: 965-972.
Craig, N.G. 2012. Properties and Potentials of Coal Mine Soils in Southwest Virginia 29 Years After Establishment. M.S. Thesis, Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Craig, N.G., B.D. Strahm, J.A. Burger, W.L. Nash, and W.L. Daniels. 2012. Long-term carbon and nutrient accrual in coal mine topsoil substitutes in southwest Virginia. In: Proceedings, 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation, (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
McMillen, K. M. Letalik, O. Abaye, C. Zipper, E. Carver, and A.G. Fannon-Osborne. 2012. Long-term effects of herbaceous species and trees on reclaimed mine soil properties. In: Proceedings, 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation, (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Nash, W.L. 2012. Long-term Effects of Rock Type, Weathering, and Amendments on Southwest Virginia Mine Soils. M.S. Thesis, Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences. Virginia Tech, https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Nash, W.L., W.L. Daniels, and J.A. Burger. 2012. Long-term effects of rock type and weathering on southwest Virginia mine soils. In: Proceedings, 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation, (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Wick, A., W.L. Daniels, W.L. Nash and J.A. Burger. 2010. Soil aggregate, organic matter, and microbial dynamics under different soil amendments after 30 years of soil development. In: Proceedings, 2010 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Clayton, H.G., A.F. Wick, and W.L. Daniels. 2009. Microbial biomass in reclaimed soils following coal mining in Virginia. In: Proceedings, 2009 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Wick, A.F., and W.L. Daniels. 2009. Physical protection of organic matter in reclaimed coal mine soils of SW Virginia. In: Proceedings, 2009 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Evanylo. G., A.O. Abaye, C. Dundas. C. Zipper, R. Lemus, B. Sukkariyah, and J. Rockett. 2005. Herbaceous vegetation productivity, persistence, and metals uptake on a biosolids-amended mine soil. Journal of Environmental Quality 34:1811-1819.
Haering, K.C., W. Daniels, and J. Galbraith. 2005. Mapping and classification of southwest Virginia mine soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 69:463-475.
Haering, K.C., W. Daniels, and J. Galbraith. 2004. The influence of overburden weathering and mining method on Appalachian mine soil morphology and properties. Soil Science Society of America Journal 68: 1315-1325.
Galbraith, J. 2004. Proposed changes to Soil Taxonomy that may affect mine soil classification. In: Proceedings of the 2004 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Mining and Reclamation (ASMR), and 25th West Virginia Surface Mine Drainage Task Force Symposium. https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Daniels, W.L., K.C. Haering, J. Galbraith, and J. Thomas. 2004. Mine soil classification and mapping issues on pre- and post-SMCRA Applachian coal mined lands In: Proceedings of the 2004 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Mining and Reclamation (ASMR), and 25th West Virginia Surface Mine Drainage Task Force Symposium. https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Daniels, W.L., K.C. Haering, and J. Galbraith. 2004. Mine soil morphology and properties in pre- and post-SMCRA coal mined landscapes in southwest Virginia. In: Proceedings of the 2004 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Mining and Reclamation (ASMR), and 25th West Virginia Surface Mine Drainage Task Force Symposium. https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Haering, K.C., W.L. Daniels, and S.E. Feagley. 2000. Reclaiming mined lands with biosolids, manures, and papermill sludges. Chapter 24. In: R. Barnhisel, W.L. Daniels, and R. Darmody (eds). Reclamation of Drastically Lands. American Society of Agronomy. Madison, WI.
Daniels, W.L., and K.C. Haering. 1994. Use of sewage sludge for land reclamation in the central Appalachians. In: Sewage Sludge: Land Utilization and the Environment. American Society of Agronomy. Madison, Wisconsin.
Li, Rensheng, and W.L. Daniels. 1994. Nitrogen accumulation and form over time in young mine soils. Journal of Environmental Quality 23: 166-172.
Haering, K. C., W. L. Daniels, and J. A. Roberts. 1993. Changes in mine soil properties resulting from overburden weathering. Journal of Environmental Quality 22:194-200.
Haering, Kathryn C., and W.L. Daniels. 1991. Development of New Technologies for the Utilization of Municipal Sewage Sludge on Surface Mined Lands. Final Report, submitted to Enviro-Gro Technologies and Virginia Center for Innovative Technology. October, 1991.
Li, Rensheng. 1991. Nitrogen Cycling in Young Mine Soils in Southwest Virginia. Ph.D. Dissertation. Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Daniels, W.L, and K. Haering. 1990. The feasibility of large-scale sewage sludge/compost utilization on central Appalachian surface mined land., In: Proceedings, 1990 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation. (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Haering, Kathryn C., W.L. Daniels, J. Torbert, and J. Burger. 1990. The Effects of Controlled Overburden Placement on Topsoil Quality and Bond Release: Phase III. Report submitted to U.S. Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement, to meet the requirements of Cooperative Agreement HQ51-GR87-10022.
Roberts, J. A., W. L. Daniels, J. C. Bell and J. A. Burger. 1988. Early stages of mine soil genesis as affected by topsoiling and organic amendments. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 52:730-738.
Roberts, J. A., W. L. Daniels, J. C. Bell and J. A. Burger. 1988. Early stages of mine soil genesis in Southwest Virginia spoil lithosequence. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 52:716-723.
Roberts, J. A., W. L. Daniels, J. C. Bell and D. C. Martens. 1988. Tall fescue production and nutrient status on Southwest Virginia mine soils. Journal of Environmental Quality 17:55-62.
Daniels, W. L., J. A. Burger, Jesse Roberts, and Stuart Moss. 1986. The Effects of Controlled Overburden Placement on Mine Soil Properties, Revegetation and Growth of Pitch X Loblolly Pine Hybrid Seedlings as Demonstrated on an Abandoned Strip Bench. In fulfillment of contract J5140102. USDI Office of Surface Mining Technical Library, Washington, D.C.
Daniels, W. L. and D. F. Amos. 1985. Generating productive topsoil substitutes from hard rock overburden in the southern Appalachians. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 7:8-15.
Roberts, J. A. 1986. Mine Soil Genesis and Tall Fescue Nutrient Status as a Function of Overburden Type and Cultural Amendment. M.S. Thesis, Agronomy, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
McCart, G. D., and W. L. Daniels. 1985. Liming and fertilizing mine soils. Virginia Cooperative Extension Publication 460-102 (out of print).
Daniels, W.L., C.J. Everett and J.A. Roberts. 1984. Factors governing plant uptake of Mn from SW Virginia mine soil materials. In: Proceedings, 1984 Symposium on Surface Mining Hydrology, Sedimentology and Reclamation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.
Morse, R. D., K. Demchak, D. D. Wolf, and J. L. Neal. 1984. Importance of phosphorus in revegetation and bond release. Virginia Cooperative Extension Publication 460-107 (out of print)
Daniels, W. L. and D. F. Amos. 1983. Recognition and evaluation of mine soil properties on surface mined benches. Virginia Cooperative Extension publication 460-100 (out of print).
Daniels, W. L. and D. F. Amos, and G. D. McCart. 1983. Overburden and mine soil properties important to plant growth. Virginia Cooperative Extension Publication 460-103 (out of print)
Daniels, W. L., J. A. Burger an D. F. Amos, 1983. The Effects of Controlled Overburden Placement on Mined Soil Properties and Growth of the Loblolly Pine. In fulfillment of contract #J5120114. U.S.D.I. Office of Surface Mining Technical Library, Washington, D.C.
Daniels, W. L., J. C. Bell, D. F. Amos, and G. D. McCart. 1983. First year effects of rock type and surface treatments on mine soil properties and plant growth. In: Proceedings, 1983 Symposium on Surface Mining Hydrology, Sedimentology and Reclamation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.
Demchak, D. 1983. Phosphorus Availability in Amended Minesoil as Measured by Forage Growth and Soil Tests. M.S. Thesis, Animal Science, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Demchak, D., R. D. Morse, D. D. Wolf, and J. L. Neal. 1983. Phosphorus availability of mine soils as influenced by phosphorus and lime rates and organic residues. In: Proceedings, 1983 Symposium on Surface Mining Hydrology, Sedimentology and Reclamation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.
Daniels, W. L. and D. F. Amos. 1982. Chemical characteristics of some SW Virginia minesoils. In: Proceedings, 1982 Symposium on Surface Mining Hydrology, Sedimentology and Reclamation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.
Daniels, W. L. and D. F. Amos. 1981. Mapping, characterization and genesis of mine soils on a reclamation research area in Wise County, Virginia. In: Proceedings, 1981 Symposium on Surface Mining Hydrology, Sedimentology and Reclamation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.

Restoration of Streams and Hydrology on Mined Landscapes

Hester, E.T., K.L. Little, J.D. Buckwalter, C.E. Zipper, and T.J. Burbey. 2019. How infiltration hydrology varies among Appalachian coal-mine valley fills. Reclamation Matters (Spring): 37-39.
Hester, E.T., K.L. Little, J.D. Buckwalter, C.E. Zipper, and T.J. Burbey. 2019. Variability of subsurface structure and infiltration hydrology among surface coal mine valley fills. Science of the Total Environment 651:2648-2661.
Krenz, R.J., C.E. Zipper, and S.H. Schoenholtz. 2018. Periphyton structure and function in constructed headwater streams of the Appalachian coalfield. Freshwater Science 38:780-794.
Greer, B.M., T.J. Burbey, C.E. Zipper, and E.T. Hester. 2017. Electrical resistivity imaging of hydrologic flow through surface coal mine valley fills with comparison to other landforms. Hydrological Processes 31:2244-2260.
Krenz, R.J., S.H. Schoenholtz, and C.E. Zipper. 2016. Riparian subsidies and hierarchical effects of ecosystem structure on leaf breakdown in Appalachian coalfield constructed streams. Ecological Engineering 97: 389-399.
Evans, D.M., C.E. Zipper, E.T. Hester, and S.H. Schoenholtz. 2015. Hydrologic effects of surface coal mining in Appalachia (U.S.). Journal of the American Water Resources Association 51: 1436-1452.
Krenz, R.J. 2015. Organic Matter Processes of Constructed Streams and Associated Riparian Areas in the Coalfields of Southwest Virginia. Ph.D. dissertation, Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Krenz,, R.J., S. Schoenholtz, and C. Zipper. 2012. Leaf litter breakdown rate in reconstructed Appalachian coal-mine streams: Relationships with environmental variables. In: Proceedings, 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation, (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Northington, R.M., E.F. Benfield, S.H. Schoenholtz, A.J. Timpano, J.R. Webster, and C. Zipper. 2011. An assessment of structural attributes and ecosystem function in restored Virginia coalfield streams. Hydrobiologia. Hydrobiologia 671:51-63.

Total Dissolved Solids in Mine Water Discharges and Streams

Vander Vorste, R., A.J. Timpano, C. Cappellin, B.D. Badgley, C.E. Zipper, and S.H. Schoenholtz. 2019. Microbial and macroinvertebrate communities, but not leaf decomposition, change along a mining-induced salinity gradient. Freshwater Biology 4:671-684.
Clark, E.V., W.L. Daniels, C.E. Zipper, and K. Eriksson. 2018. Mineralogical influences on water quality from weathering of surface coal mine spoils. Applied Geochemistry 91: 97-106.
Clark, E.V., C.E. Zipper, W.L. Daniels, and M.J. Keefe. 2018. Appalachian coal mine spoil elemental release patterns and depletion. Applied Geochemistry 98:109-120.
Drover, D.R. 2018. Benthic Macroinvertebrate Community Structure Responses to Multiple Stressors in Mining-influenced Streams of Central Appalachia USA. Ph.D. Dissertation, Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Pence, R.A. 2018. Comparison of quantitative and semi-quantitative assessments of benthic macroinvertebrate community response to elevated salinity in Central Appalachian coalfield streams. M.S. Thesis, Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Timpano, A.J., S.H. Schoenholtz, D.J. Soucek, and C.E. Zipper. 2018. Benthic macroinvertebrate community response to salinization in headwater streams in Appalachia USA over multiple years. Ecological Indicators 91: 645-656.
Timpano, A.J., C.E. Zipper, D.J. Soucek, and S.H. Schoenholtz. 2018. Seasonal pattern of anthropogenic salinization in temperate forested headwater streams. Water Research 133: 8-18.
Whitmore, K.D., S.H. Schoenholtz, D.J. Soucek, W.A. Hopkins, and C.E. Zipper. 2018. Selenium dynamics in headwater streams of the central Appalachian coalfield. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 37:2714-2726.
Clark, E.V. 2017. Hydrologic and Hydrochemical Processes on Mine Spoil Fills. Ph.D. Dissertation, Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Clark, E.V., C.E. Zipper, W.L. Daniels, Z.W. Orndorff, M.J. Keefe. 2017. Modeling patterns of total dissolved solids release from central Appalachia, USA, mine spoils. Journal of Environmental Quality 46:55-63.
Timpano, A.J. 2017. Toward Improved Assessment of Freshwater Salinization as a Benthic Macroinvertebrate Stressor. Ph.D. Dissertation, Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Boehme, E.A., C.E. Zipper, S.H. Schoenholtz, D.J. Soucek, A.J. Timpano. 2016. Temporal dynamics of benthic macroinvertebrate communities and their response to elevated specific conductance in Appalachian coalfield headwater streams. Ecological Indicators 64:171-180.
Clark, E.V, B. M Greer; C.E. Zipper; E.T Hester. 2016. Specific conductance-stage relationships in Appalachian valley fill streams. Environmental Earth Sciences 75:1222 (1-13).
Daniels, W.L., C.E. Zipper, Z.W Orndorff, J. Skousen, C.D. Barton, L.M. McDonald, M.A. Beck. 2016. Predicting TDS release from central Appalachian coal mine spoils. Environmental Pollution 216:371-379.
Johnson, D.K. 2016. Field Indicators for the Prediction of Appalachian Soil and Bedrock Geochemistry. Ph.D. Dissertation, Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Whitmore, K. 2016. Selenium Dynamics in Headwater Streams of the Central Appalachian Coalfields: An Investigation of Enrichment and Bioaccumulation. M.S. Thesis, Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Daniels, W.L., J.M. Parker, Z.W. Orndorff, L.C. Ross, S.C. Koropchak, C.E. Zipper, M.J. Eick. 2015. Evaluation of a simple column leaching method to predict potential TDS losses from central Appalachian overburden materials. In: Proceedings, 2nd Environmental Considerations in Energy Production Conference. Society for Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration, Englewood CO.
Greer, B.M. 2015. Electrical Resistivity Imaging of Preferential Flow through Surface Mine Valley Fills with Comparison to Other Land Forms. M.S. Thesis, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Orndorff, Z.W., W.L. Daniels, C.E. Zipper, M. Eick. 2015. A column evaluation of Appalachian coal mine spoils’ temporal leaching behavior. Environmental Pollution 204: 39-47.
Ross, L.C. 2015. Effect of Leaching Scale on Prediction of Total Dissolved Solids Release from Coal Mine Spoils and Refuse. M.S. Thesis, Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Timpano, A.J., S.H. Schoenholtz, D.J. Soucek, and C.E. Zipper. 2015. Salinity as a limiting factor for biological condition in mining-influenced Central Appalachian headwater streams. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 51: 240-250.
Zipper, C.E., E.V. Clark, W.L. Daniels, and R.J. Krenz. 2015. Mine spoil fill construction for reducing total dissolved solids in discharged waters. In: Proceedings, 2nd Environmental Considerations in Energy Production Conference. Society for Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration, Englewood CO.
Daniels, W.L., Z. Orndorff, and C.E. Zipper. 2014. Predicting release and aquatic effects of total dissolved solids from Appalachian USA coal mines. International Journal of Coal Science and Technology 1:152-162.
Boehme, Elizabeth Ann. 2013. Temporal Dynamics of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities and Their Response to Elevated Specific Conductance in Headwater Streams of the Appalachian Coalfields. M.S. Thesis, Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Evans, D., C. Zipper, P. Donovan, and W. Daniels. 2014. Long-term trends of specific conductance in waters discharged by coal-mine valley fills in central Appalachia, USA. Journal of the American Water Resources Association. 50: 1449-1460.
Parker, John. 2013. Effect of Various Saturation Levels, Leaching Solution pH, and Leaching Cycle on Electrical Conductivity from Coal Mine Spoil Leachate. M.S. Thesis, Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Timpano, A.J., S.H. Schoenholtz, C.E. Zipper, and D.J. Soucek. 2012. Linking temporal patterns of dissolved solids in central Appalachian coalfield streams to mining sources. In: Proceedings, 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation, (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Timpano, A.J. 2011. Levels of Dissolved Solids Associated with Aquatic Life Effects in Headwater Streams of Virginia’s Central Appalachian Coalfield Region. M.S. Thesis. Environmental Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Timpano, A.J., C. Zipper, S. Schoenholtz, and D. Soucek. 2011. Comparing total dissolved solids, conductivity, and major ions as potential aquatic life stressors in Appalachian coalfield streams. Reclamation Matters (Spring): 22-25.
Orndorff, Z., and W. Daniels. 2010. Leaching potentials of coal spoil and refuse: Acid-Base interactions and electrical conductivity. In: Proceedings, 2019 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings.
Timpano, A.J., S.H. Schoenholtz, C.E. Zipper, and D.J. Soucek. 2010. Isolating effects of total dissolved solids on aquatic life in central Appalachian coalfield streams. In: Proceedings, 2010 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation, (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings

Publications – Past Research: Mine Reclamation and Environmental Protection

Abandoned Mine Land Reclamation and Remining

Zipper, C., B. Lambert, J. Burger and W. Daniels. 2002 Linking research and regulatory policy to enable advances in reclamation practice. In: Proceedings, 2002 National Meeting of the American Society for Mine Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Zipper, C.E., and B. Lambert. 1998. Remining to reclaim abandoned mined lands: Virginia’s initiative. In: Proceedings, 1998 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Santopietro, George, and C.E. Zipper. 1996. Incentives to encourage re-mining and reclamation of abandoned mined lands in Appalachia: Policy options. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 51:8-15.
Zipper. C.E., and C.B. Slemp. 1994. How long to heal the land: Abandoned mines in Appalachia. 17 minute video presentation. Virginia Cooperative Extension Publication 460-137 (out of print).
Younos, T.M., E.R. Yagow, C.E. Zipper, and P. Diplas. 1993. Modeling mined land reclamation strategies in a GIS environment. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 9:61-68.
Zipper, C.E. 1993. Reclamation of AML by active operations to alleviate environmental impacts. In: Proceedings, 15th Annual Meeting of the Association of Abandoned Mined Land Programs.
Zipper, C.E., T. Younos, and E. Yagow. 1992. Comparative effects of alternative re-mining and reclamation strategies on erosion potential at a case-study abandoned mined land site. In: Proceedings, 1992 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Zipper, C.E., and John R. Bryan. 1990. The case for remining: environmental benefits and resource conservation. Virginia Coal and Energy Journal 2:59-66.
Bryan, John R., and C.E. Zipper. 1989. The case for remining: environmental benefits and resource conservation. In: Proceedings, Annual Meeting of the American Mining Congress. Pittsburgh, PA.

Acid Mine Drainage Impacts

Chanov, M. 2009. Potential Coal Slurry Toxicity to Laboratory and Field Test Organisms in the Clinch River Watershed and the Ecotoxicological Recovery of Two Remediated Acid Mine Drainage Streams in the Powell River Watershed, Virginia. M.S. Thesis, Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Simon M., D. Cherry, R. Currie, C. Zipper. 2006. The ecotoxicological recovery of Ely Creek and tributaries (Lee County, VA) after remediation of acid mine drainage. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 123:109-124.
Soucek, D., D. Cherry and C. Zipper. 2002. Impacts of mine drainage and other nonpoint source pollutants on aquatic biota in the upper Powell River system, Virginia. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 9(4): 1059-1073.
Soucek, D. J., B. C. Denson, T. S. Schmidt, D. S. Cherry and C. E. Zipper. 2002. Impaired Acronouria sp. (Plocoptera, Perlidae) populations associated with aluminum contaminated in neutral pH surface waters. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 42:416-422.
Cherry, D. S., R. J. Currie, D. J. Soucek, H. A. Latimer and G. C. Trent. 2001. An integrative assessment of watershed impacted by abandoned mined land discharges. Environmental Pollution 111:377-388.
Schmidt, T. S., D. J. Soucek and D. S. Cherry. 2002. Modification of an ecotoxicological rating to bioassay small acid mine drainage impacted watersheds exclusive of benthic macroinvertebrate analysis. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 21:1091-1097.
Schmidt, T. 2001. Development of an Ecotoxicological Rating System to Prioritize Sites within an Acid Mine Drainage Impacted Watershed. M.S. Thesis, Department of Biology, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Soucek, D.J. 2001. Integrative Bioassessment of Acid Mine Drainage Impacts Upon the Powell River Watershed. Ph.D. Dissertation, Biology, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Soucek, D. J., T. S. Schmidt, and D. S. Cherry. 2001. In situ studies with Asian clams (Corbicula flumenia) to detect acid mine drainage and nutrient inputs in low order streams. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 58:602-608.
Soucek, D. J., D. S. Cherry and C. E. Zipper. 2001. Aluminum and iron dominated toxicity in neutral waters below an acid mine drainage discharge. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 58:2396-2404.
Schmidt, T., D. Soucek, D. Cherry, R. Currie, H. Latimer, and C. Trent. 2000. Integrative bioassessement techniques to predict ecotoxicological impairment by acid mine drainage. In: Proceedings, 2000 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Soucek, D.J., D. Cherry, R. Currie, H. Latimer, and G. Trent. 2000. Laboratory to field validation in an impacted integrative assessment of an acid mine drainage-impacted watershed. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 19:1036-1043.
Soucek, D., D. Cherry, R.J. Currie, H.A. Latimer, and C. Zipper. 2000, Ecotoxicological impacts of acid mine drainage in streams of increasing order in the Powell River watershed, Virginia. In: Proceedings, 2000 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Soucek, D.J., D.S. Cherry, and G.C. Trent. 2000. Relative acute toxicity of acid mine drainage water column and sediments to Daphnia magna in Puckett’s Creek watershed, Virginia, USA. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 38:305-310.
Zipper, C. 2000. Coal mine reclamation, acid mine drainage, and the Clean Water Act. In: R. Barnhisel, W.L. Daniels, and R. Darmody (eds). Reclamation of Drastically Lands. American Society of Agronomy. Madison, WI.
Soucek, D., R. Currie, D. Cherry, H. Latimer, and C. Trent. 1998. Benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages and sediment toxicity testing in the Ely Creek Watershed Restoration Project. In: Proceedings, 1998 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Yeager, J.L. J. Bidwell, D. Cherry, and C. Zipper. 1996. Abandoned mined land impacts on water and sediment quality, and invertebrate assemblages in two Virginia watersheds. In: Proceedings, 1996 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings

Acid Mine Drainage Remediation

Zipper, C., J. Skousen, and C. Jage. 2018. Passive Treatment of Acid-Mine Drainage with Vertical-Flow Systems. Virginia Cooperative Extension Publication 460-133. https://powell735837127.files.wordpress.com/2020/06/460-133-1.pdf
Skousen J.G., C.E. Zipper, A. Rose, P. Ziemkiewicz, R. Nairn, and L. McDonald. 2017. Review of passive systems for acid mine drainage treatment. Mine Water and Environment 36: 133-153.
Zipper C.E. and J. Skousen. 2014. Passive treatment of acid mine drainage. In: James A. Jacobs, Jay H. Lehr, and Stephen M. Testa (eds), Handbook of Acid Mine Drainage, Rock Drainage and Acid Sulfate Soils. John Wiley and Sons.
Zipper, C.E. and J. Skousen. 2010. Influent water quality affects performance of passive treatment systems for acid mine drainage. Mine Water and Environment 29: 135-143.
Jage, C., C.E. Zipper, and R. Noble. 2001. Factors affecting alkalinity generation by successive alkalinity-producing systems: Regression analysis. Journal of Environmental Quality 30:1015-1022.
Jage, C. 2000. Water-quality based design guidelines for successive alkalinity producing systems used in treating acid mine drainage. M.S. Thesis. Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Jage, C., C. Zipper, and A. Hendricks. 2000. Factors affecting performance of successive alkalinity producing systems. In: Proceedings, 2000 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Duddleston, K.N. 1993. The Effect of Carbon Addition, pH and Fe Concentration on Microbial Sulfate Reduction and the Subsequent Precipitation of Fe and Mn from Acid Mine Drainage in Wetland Mesocosms. M.S. Thesis, Biology, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Duddleston, K. N., A. C. Hendricks, and J. L. Neal. 1993. The Effect of carbon and pH on the reduction of sulfate by sulfate reducing bacteria and the subsequent precipitation of Fe and Mn in simulated wetland mesocosms. Proceedings, 1993 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Duddleston, K.N., E. Fritz, A.C. Hendricks, and K. Roddenberry. 1992. Anoxic cattail wetland for treatment of water associated with coal mining activities. In: Proceedings, 1992 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings

Christmas Trees

Burger, J.A., R. Peer, and C.E. Zipper. 2009. Growing Christmas Trees on Surface Mined Lands. Virginia Cooperative Extension Publication 460-116. https://powell735837127.files.wordpress.com/2020/06/460-116_pdf-1.pdf

Coal Combustion Products

Daniels, W.L., B. Stewart, and C.E. Zipper. 2018. Reclamation of Coal Refuse Disposal Areas. Virginia Cooperative Extension Publication 460-131. https://powell735837127.files.wordpress.com/2020/06/460-131-1.pdf
Hunt, J. 2008. Evaluation of Leachate Chemistry from Coal Refuse Blended and Layered with Fly Ash. M.S. Thesis, Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Beck, M., W.L. Daniels, M. Eick. 2008. Plant growth effects of coal combustion product amendment to mine spoils and associated leaching potentials. In: Proceedings, 2008 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings.
Hunt, J., M. Eick, W.L. Daniels, M. Beck. 2008. Evaluation of leachate chemistry from coal refuse blended and layered with fly ash. In: Proceedings, 2008 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Mining and Reclamation. (ASMR); https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings.
Daniels, W. L., M. Beck, and M. Eick. 2005. Development of Rapid Assessment Protocols for Beneficial Use of Post-2000 Coal Combustion Products in Virginia Coal Mines. Final Report to USDI OSM for 2005-2006 Applied Science Program. USDI OSM, Parkway Center, Pittsburgh. Available at: https://www.osmre.gov/programs/TDT/ccrs.shtm
Daniels, W.L. 2005. Effects of cover soil thickness on revegetation of acidic Appalachian Coal refuse. In: Proceedings, 2005 National Meeting of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings.
Daniels. W.L., B. Stewart, K. Haering, and C. Zipper. 2001. The Potential for Beneficial Reuse of Coal Fly Ash in Southwest Virginia Mining Environments. Virginia Cooperative Extension publication 460-134. https://powell735837127.files.wordpress.com/2020/04/460-134.pdf
Stewart, B.R. W.L. Daniels, L.W. Zelazny, and M.L. Jackson. 2001. Evaluation of leachates from coal refuse blended with fly ash at different rates. Journal of Environmental Quality 30(4): 1382-1391.
Daniels, W.L., R. Li, and B.R. Stewart. 2000. Influence of liming and topsoil thickness on vegetative growth and leaching potential of acid coal refuse. Transactions, Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration. 308:25-31. SME-AIME, Littleton, CO.
Daniels, W. L., M. Beck, and B. R. Stewart. 1999. Loading rate guidance for coal fly ash as a soil amendment in Virginia. In: Proceedings, International Symposium on the Use and Management of Coal Combustion Products. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA.
Daniels, W. L., R. S. Li, and B. R. Stewart. 1999. Influence of liming and topsoil thickness on vegetative growth and leaching potential of acid coal refuse. Preprint 99-11. Society of Mining Engineers (SME) Annual Meeting. SME-AIME, Littleton, CO.
Li, R.S., W.L. Daniels, and B. Stewart. 1998. Influence of liming and topsoil thickness on vegetative growth and leachate quality of acidic coal refuse. In: Proceedings, 1998 Annual National Meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, (ASMR); https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings.
Li., R.S. and W.L. Daniels. 1997. Reclamation of coal refuse with a papermill sludge amendment. In: Proceedings, 1997 Annual Meeting, American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, (ASMR); https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings.
Stewart, Barry R., W.L. Daniels, and M.L. Jackson. 1997. Evaluation of leachate quality from codisposal of fly ash and coal refuse. Journal of Environmental Quality 26(5):1417-1424.
Stewart, B.R., W.L. Daniels, and L/W. Zelazny. 1997. Examination of solid phase materials from column leaching studies of coal refuse / coal fly ash bulk blends. In: Proceedings, 1997 National Meeting of the Society of Mining Engineers. SME-AIME, Littleton, CO.
Stewart, Barry, 1995. The Influence of Fly Ash Additions on Acid Mine Drainage Production from Coarse Coal Refuse. Ph.D. Dissertation, Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences. Virginia Tech, https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Stewart, B.R., and W.L. Daniels. 1995. Leachate quality and plant growth from bulk-blended fly ash/coal refuse mixtures. Field study results. In: Proceedings, 11th International Symposium on Use and Management of Coal Combustion Byproducts. American Coal Ash Association, Alexandria, VA.
Stewart, B.R., and W.L. Daniels. 1995. The impacts of coal refuse bulk-blends on water quality and plant growth. In: Proceedings, 1995 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Albuquerque, Allwyn. 1994. Geoenvironmental Aspects of Coal Refuse – Fly Ash Blends. M.S. Thesis, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Jackson, M. L. 1993. Influence of Fly Ash and Other Treatments on Acid Mine Drainage from Coal Refuse. M.S. Thesis, Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Jackson, M. L., B. R. Stewart, and W. L. Daniels. 1993. Influence of fly ash, lime, and rock-P on acid mine drainage from coal refuse. In: Proceedings, 1993 National Meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Jackson, M.L., B.R. Stewart, and W.L. Daniels. 1993. Acid mine drainage mitigation using bulk-blended fly ash / coal refuse mixtures: Column study results. In: Proceedings, Eleventh Annual Pittsburgh Coal Conference. Center for Energy Research, University of Pittsburgh.
Haering, Kathryn C., and W.L. Daniels. 1991. Fly ash as an amendment for mined land reclamation: A literature review. Virginia Coal and Energy Journal 3:33-46.

Coal Refuse Reclamation

Daniels, W.L., Barry Stewart, and C.E. Zipper. 2018. Reclamation of Coal Refuse Disposal Areas. Virginia Cooperative Extension publication 460-131. https://powell735837127.files.wordpress.com/2020/06/460-131-1.pdf
Daniels, W.L. 2005. Effects of soil cover thickness on revegetation of acidic Appalachian coal refuse. In: Proceedings, 2005 National Meeting of the American Society for Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Daniels, W.L., and B.R. Stewart. 2000. Reclamation of Appalachian coal refuse disposal areas. In: R. Barnhisel, W.L. Daniels, and R. Darmody (eds). Reclamation of Drastically Lands. American Society of Agronomy. Madison, WI.
Daniels, W.L., and B.R. Stewart. 1993. Reclamation and closure of coal refuse disposal facilities in the Appalachians. Proceedings, Annual Meeting of the Society of Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration. SME preprint 93-169.
Stewart, B.R., and W.L. Daniels. 1992. Physical and chemical properties of coal refuse from southwest Virginia. Journal of Environmental Quality 21:635-642.
Dove, D.C., W.L. Daniels, and D.J. Parrish. 1990. Importance of indigenous VAM fungi for the reclamation of coal refuse piles. In: Proceedings, 1990 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation. (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Stewart, Barry. 1990. Physical and Chemical Properties of Coarse Coal Refuse from Southwest Virginia. M.S. Thesis. Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Daniels, W.L., K. Haering, and D. Dove. 1989. Long-term strategies for reclaiming coal refuse disposal areas. Virginia Coal and Energy Journal 1:45-60.
Stewart, Barry R., and W.L. Daniels. 1989. Physical and chemical characteristics of coal prep plant wastes from Southwest Virginia. In: Proceedings, 1989 National Meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Daniels, W. L., and D. C. Dove. 1987. Revegetation strategies for coal refuse areas. In: Proceedings, Eighth Annual WV Surface Mine Drainage Task Force Symposium, Morgantown, WV.
Dove, D. C., W. L. Daniels and J. Bell. 1987. Reclamation of coal wastes with reduced soil depth and other amendments. In: Proceedings, 1987 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings

Ecosystem Development and Wildlife Habitat

Carrozzino, A.L., D. F. Stauffer, C.A. Haas, and C.E. Zipper. 2018. Enhancing Wildlife Habitat on Reclaimed Mine Lands. Virginia Cooperative Extension Publication 460-145. https://powell735837127.files.wordpress.com/2020/06/460-145.pdf
Latimer, C. 2012. Avian population and community dynamics in response to vegetation restoration on reclaimed mine lands in southwest Virginia. M.S. Thesis, Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Atkinson, R.B., J. Perry, G. Noe, W.L. Daniels, and J. Cairns Jr. 2010. Primary productivity in 20-year old created wetlands in southwestern Virginia. Wetlands 30: 200-210.
Carrozzino. A. 2009. Evaluating wildlife response to vegetation restoration on reclaimed mine lands in southwestern Virginia. M.S. Thesis, Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Merricks, T.C., D.S. Cherry, C.E. Zipper, R. Currie, and T. Valenti. 2007. Coal-mine hollow fill and settling pond influences on headwater streams in southern West Virginia, USA. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 129: 359-378.
Merricks, C. 2003. Ecotoxicological evaluation of coal-mine hollow-fill drainages in low-order streams in the Appalachian Mountains of Virginia and West Virginia. M.S. Thesis, Department of Biology, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Holl, Karen D. 2002. Long-term vegetation recovery on reclaimed coal-surface mines in the eastern USA. Journal of Applied Ecology 39:960-970.
Atkinson, Robert B., C.E. Zipper, W.L. Daniels, and J. Cairns, Jr. 1997. Constructing Wetlands During Reclamation to Improve Wildlife Habitat. Virginia Cooperative Extension Publication 460-129. https://powell735837127.files.wordpress.com/2020/07/460-129.pdf
Daniels, and J. Cairns Jr. 1996. Ontogeny of accidental wetlands and hydric soil development in surface mined landscapes. In: Proceedings, 1996 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Heckman, John, K. Holl, M. Sabre, R. Atkinson, and J. Cairns Jr. 1996. The potential for using native wildflowers to increase natural habitat in contour surface mine reclamation. In: Proceedings, 1996 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Holl, Karen D. 1996. The effect of coal surface mine reclamation on diurnal lepidopteran conservation. Journal of Applied Ecology 33:225-236.
Holl, Karen D. 1995. Nectar resources and their influence on butterfly communities on reclaimed coal surface mined lands. Restoration Ecology 3(2):76-85.
Atkinson, Robert, and J. Cairns, Jr. 1994. Possible use of wetlands in ecological restoration of surface mined lands. Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Health 3: 139-144.
Cairns, J. Jr., and R.B. Atkinson. 1994. Constructing ecosystems and determining their connectivity to the larger landscape. In: Hester, R.E., and R.M. Harrington (eds). Mining and its Environmental Impact. Royal Society of Chemistry. Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Holl, Karen. 1994. Vegetational and Lepidopteran Conservation in Rehabilitated Ecosystems. Ph.D. Dissertation, Biology, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Holl, Karen, and J. Cairns Jr. 1994. Vegetational community development on reclaimed coal surface mines in Virginia. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 121(4):327-337.
Jones, David. 1994. Macroinvertebrate Communities Inhabiting Surface Mine Wetlands of Southwestern Virginia. M.S. Thesis, Biology, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Atkinson, Robert, and J. Cairns, Jr. 1993. Constructed wetlands and reclamation. Virginia Mining Journal 6(4):4-6.
Holl, K. D. and J. Cairns, Jr. 1993. The effect of coal surface mine reclamation on lepidopteran populations in Virginia. Bulletin of Ecological Society of America 74:279.
Bromley, P. T., and C. T. Cushwa. 1985. Wildlife and fish habitat on reclaimed surface-mined lands. Virginia Cooperative Extension publication 460-109 (out of print).

Land Development for Housing and Industry

Krebs, R.E., and C.E. Zipper. 2018. Foundations for housing on reclaimed mined lands. Virginia Cooperative Extension publication 460-115. https://powell735837127.files.wordpress.com/2020/06/460-115-2.pdf
Zipper, C.E., and S. Winter. 2018. Stabilizing Reclaimed Mines to Support Buildings and Development. Virginia Cooperative Extension Publication 460-130. https://powell735837127.files.wordpress.com/2020/06/460-130-2.pdf
Zipper, C.E. and Charles Yates. 2018. Reclaiming Mined Lands as Industrial Sites.Virginia Cooperative Extension Publication 460-132. https://powell735837127.files.wordpress.com/2020/06/460-132-1.pdf
Zipper, C.E., and C. Yates. 1999. Reclaiming mined lands as industrial sites. Virginia Mining Journal 12 (3):4-5.
Zipper, C.E., and R.D. Krebs. 1994. Housing construction or reclaimed mined lands. Virginia Mining Journal 7(1):4-6.
Bell, J. C. 1982. Evaluation of Site Suitability of Mine Soils for Residential Housing Developments. M.S. Thesis, Agronomy, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534

Livestock Forages and Production

Bridges G. A., and W. D. Whittier. 2012. Determination of the appropriate delivery of PGF2α in the 5-day CO-Synch + CIDR protocol in suckled beef cows. Journal of Animal Science 90: 4814-4822.
Kasimanickam, R., W.D. Whittier, J.B. Hall, D.A. Moore, and A. Tibary. 2012. Impact of body condition change post-breeding on reproductive performance of beef cows. Clinical Theriogenology 4(4): 469-476.
Whittier W.D., R. Kasimanickam, J. Currin, H. Schramm, and S. Holland. 2013. Fertility in Angus cross beef cows following 5 or 7 day intravaginial progesterone based CO-Synch timed artificial insemination protocol. Theriogenology 80(9): 963-969.
Abaye, A.O., M. Webb, C. Zipper, J. M. Luginbuhl, and C. Teutsch, 2012. Managing shrub-infested, postmined pasturelands with goats and cattle. Part I: Effect on botanical composition and browse species. Virginia Cooperative Extension Publication CSES-4. https://powell735837127.files.wordpress.com/2020/04/cses-4_goats1.pdf
Abaye, A.O., M. Webb, C. Zipper, J. M. Luginbuhl, and C. Teutsch, 2012. Managing shrub-infested, postmined pasturelands with goats and cattle. Part II. Effects on forage biomass, nutritive values, and animal performance. Virginia Cooperative Extension Publication CSES-4. https://powell735837127.files.wordpress.com/2020/04/cses-3_goats2.pdf
Abaye, A.O., M. Webb, and C. Zipper. 2012. Assessing the effect of cattle grazing alone and with goats on botanical composition of pastures established on reclaimed coal mined lands. In: Proceedings, 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation, (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Webb, Darryl, A. Ozzie Abaye, C.D. Teutsch, Jean-Marie Luginbuhl and Carl Zipper. 2011. Mixed grazing goats with cattle on reclaimed coal mined lands in the Appalachian region: effects on forage standing biomass, forage botanical composition and autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.). Sheep and Goat Research Journal 26:26-31.
Whittier, W. Dee, H. John Gerken, and C.E. Zipper.2010. Management of Cow-Calf Production on Reclaimed Surface-Mined Land. Virginia Cooperative Extension publication 460-128. https://powell735837127.files.wordpress.com/2020/06/460-128_pdf.pdf
Wolf, Dale, John Fike, and C.E. Zipper. 2010. Conversion of Sericea Lespedeza-Dominant Vegetation to Quality Forages for Livestock Use. Virginia Cooperative Extension publication 460-119. https://powell735837127.files.wordpress.com/2020/06/460-119-2.pdf
Zipper, C.E., and J.G. Skousen. 1990. Income opportunities on reclaimed surface mined lands in central Appalachia. R.D. No. 764, West Virginia University Extension Service, Morgantown, WV.
Dove, Dennis. 1985. Dry Matter and Nutrient Loss From Legume Litter Grown on Mine Soils. M.S. Thesis, Agronomy, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Gross, K. L., and H. J. Gerken, Jr. 1985. Nutritional status of beef cows grazing reclaimed strip-mined pastures. Virginia Tech Animal Science Research Report No. 5, Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, Blacksburg, VA.
Dove, D. C., D. D. Wolf and W. L. Daniels. 1984. Dry natter and nutrient loss from legume litter grown on minesoils. In: Proceedings of the 1984 Symposium on Surface Mining Hydrology, Sedimentology and Reclamation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.
Gerken, H. J. 1984. Beef cattle production on reclaimed surface mined land. Virginia Cooperative Extension publication 460-101 (out of print).
Gerken, H. J., Jr., and A. L. Eller, Jr. 1981. Beef Production from Forages Grown on Reclaimed Surface Mined Land. Virginia Tech Animal Science Research Report No. 2, Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, Blacksburg, VA

Mine Planning

Zipper, C.E. 1990. Variances from “approximate original contour” requirements in central Appalachia: History and prospects. In: Proceedings, 1990 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Zipper, C.E., and W.L. Daniels. 1989. Hollow fill construction at the Amos Ridge experimental practice. In: Proceedings, 1989 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings.
Zipper, C.E., W.L. Daniels and J.C. Bell. 1989. An experimental alternative to “approximate original contour” in steep slope terrain: environmental and policy implications. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation. 44(4):279-283.
Zipper, C.E., W.L. Daniels, and J.C. Bell. 1989. The practice of “approximate original contour” in the Central Appalachians. II. Economic and environmental implications of an alternative. Landscape and Urban Planning. 18:139-152.
Zipper, C.E. 1988. Amos Ridge Experimental Practice – Final Monitoring Report. Prepared for U.S. Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement to fulfill requirements of Experimental Practice Monitoring Contract EC68-PO8-12867.
Zipper, Carl E., and W.L. Daniels. 1988. Institutional constraints to production of reclaimed mine lands suitable for development in central Appalachia. In: Proceedings, 1988 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation. (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Zipper, C. E. 1987. Mined Land Reclamation and Development Potentials in Southwestern Virginia’s Coal-Mining Region. In: Land: Issues and Problems. Virginia Cooperative Extension Service Publication No. 69.
Daniels, W. L., and C. E. Zipper. 1986. Improving coal surface mine reclamation in the central Appalachian Region. In: John Cairns (ed), Rehabilitating Damaged Ecosystems. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Smith, M., Z. Lou, and E. Topuz. 1986. A Micro-computer simulator for mountain-top removal mine planning and design. In: Proceedings of 3^rd Conference on the Use of Computers in the Coal Industry, Morgantown, WV.
Zipper, C. E. 1986. Opportunities for Improved Surface Mine Reclamation in the Central Appalachian Coal Region. Ph.D. Dissertation, Agronomy, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Zipper, C. E., and W. L. Daniels. 1986. COSTSUM: A system for analysis of operational cost data from coal surface mines. Agric. Res. Digest, No. 14, Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, Blacksburg, VA.
Zipper, C. E., and W. L. Daniels. 1986. COSTSUM: A Users Guide. Bull. 86-1, Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, Blacksburg, VA.
Chakraborty, A. 1985. An Integrated Computer Simulator for Surface Mining Planning and Design. M.S. Thesis, Mining and Minerals Engineering, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Zipper, C. E., A. Chakraborty, E. Topuz and W. L. Daniels. 1985. A surface mining simulator for application in steep slope topography. In: Proceedings of Symposium on Surface Mining, Hydrology, Sedimentology and Reclamation. University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.
Zipper, C. E., A. T. Hall, and W. L. Daniels. 1985. Costs of spoil handling and reclamation at a contour surface mine in steep slope topography. In: Proceedings, 1985 Symposium on Surface Mining Hydrology, Sedimentology and Reclamation. University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.
Zipper, C. E., and W. L. Daniels. 1984. Economic monitoring of a contour surface mine in steep slope Appalachian topography. In: Proceedings, 1984 Symposium on Surface Mining, Hydrology, Sedimentology, and Reclamation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.

Revegetation

Skousen, Jeff and Carl E. Zipper. 2018. Revegetation Species and Practices. Virginia Cooperative Extension publication 460-122. https://powell735837127.files.wordpress.com/2020/06/460-122-1.pdf
Haering, K.C., W.L. Daniels, and S.E. Feagley. 2000. Reclaiming mined lands with biosolids, manures, and papermill sludges. In: R. Barnhisel, W.L. Daniels, and R. Darmody (eds). Reclamation of Drastically Disturbed Lands. American Society of Agronomy. Madison, WI.
McCart, G. D., W. L. Daniels. 1985. Liming and fertilizing mine soils. Virginia Cooperative Extension publication 460-102 (out of print).
Wolf, D. D., R. D. Morse, and J. L. Neal. 1985. Revegetation: Using wood-fiber slurries to bind straw mulch. Virginia Cooperative Extension publication 460-106 (out of print).
Wolf, Dale, R.E. Blaser, R. Morse, and J. Neal. 1984. Hydro-application of seed and wood-fiber slurries to bind straw mulch. Reclamation and Revegetation Research 3:101-107.
Wolf, D. D., R. D. Morse, and J. L. Neal. 1984. Legume inoculum survival in hydroseeder slurries. Virginia Cooperative Extension publication 460-105.
Brown, Mark, R.D. Wolf, R. Morse, and J. Neal. 1983. Viability of Rhizobium in fertilizer slurries used for hydroseeding. Journal of Environmental Quality 12(3): 388-390.
Wolf, Dale, R. Morse, and J. Neal. 1983. Evaluating Rhizobium viability in commercial inoculum. Journal of Agronomic Education 12:83-86.

Slope Stability – Approximate Original Contour

Bell, J.C., W.L. Daniels, and C.E. Zipper. 1989. The practice of “approximate original contour” in the Central Appalachians. I. Slope stability and erosion potential. Landscape and Urban Planning. 18:127-138.
Daniels, W. L., J. C. Bell, and C. E. Zipper. 1987. The long term stability, land use potential, and erosivity of surface mined lands returned to their approximate original contour in the central Appalachians. In: Proceedings, 1987 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings
Bell, J. C. and W. L. Daniels. 1985. Four case studies of slope stability on surface mined lands returned to approximate original contour in SW Virginia. In: Proceedings, 1985 Symposium on Surface Mining Hydrology, Sedimentology and Reclamation. University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.

Stream Restoration – Compensatory Mitigation

Stephenson, Kurt and Leonard Shabman. 2004. Mitigation associations: A cooperative option to meet Section 404 mitigation requirements. Virginia Mining Journal. 17(2): 4-11.

Subsidence

Karmis, M., C. Haycocks, and Z. Agioutantis. 1992. The prediction of ground movements caused by mining. In: Proceedings, Third Workshop on Subsidence Due to Underground Mining. Department of Mining Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV.
Jarosz, A., M. Karmis and A. Sroka. 1990. Subsidence development with time- Experiences from longwall operations in the Appalachian Coalfields. International Journal of Mining and Geological Engineering 8: 261–273.
Karmis, M., Z. Agioutantis and A. Jarosz. 1990. Recent developments in the application of the influence function method for ground movement predictions in the U.S. Mining Science and Technology 10: 233‑245.
Karmis, M., A. Jarosz and Z. Agioutantis. 1990. Predicting subsidence with a computer. Coal 26 (12): 54‑61.
Karmis, M., Z. Yu and A. Jarosz. 1990. Design considerations for subsidence control. Proceedings, Annual Meeting of AIME, Salt Lake City, UT.
Agioutantis, Z. and M. Karmis. 1988. Developing improved methods of predicting surface displacements due to underground mining through the integration of empirical indices into numerical modeling, Mining Science and Technology 7: 133‑148.
Agioutantis, Z., M. Karmis and A. Jarosz. 1988. Prediction of surface subsidence and strain in the Appalachian coalfields using numerical methods. In: Proceedings, 7th International Conference on Ground Control in Mining, Morgantown, WV.
Karmis, M. and A. Jarosz. 1988. Mine subsidence prediction – From an art to a science. In: Proceedings, American Mining Congress, Convention 88, Denver, CO.
Karmis, M., A. Jarosz and Z. Agioutantis. 1988. An integrated surface movement monitoring system for undermined areas. In: Proceedings, VII International Congress on Mine Surveying, Volume X, Leningrad, USSR.
Karmis, M., A. Jarosz, P. Schilizzi and Z. Agioutantis. 1987. Surface deformation characteristics above undermined areas: Experiences from the Eastern United States. Civil Engineering Transactions CE29 (2): 106-104. The Institute of Engineers, Australia.
Schillizzi, P. 1987. Mining Subsidence and Its Prediction in the Eastern U.S. Coalfield. Ph.D. Dissertation, Mining and Minerals Engineering, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Jarosz, A., and M. Karmis. 1986. Control of surface movements above active coal mines in Appalachia. In: Proceedings, 2nd Workshop on Surface Subsidence Due to Underground Mining, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV.
Karmis, M., P. Schilizzi, and A. Jarosz. 1986. Development and comparison of subsidence prediction methods for the Eastern U.S. coalfields. In: Proceedings, Mine Subsidence Symposium. SME-AIME. St. Louis, MO.
Schilizzi, P., M. Karmis, and A. Jarosz. 1986. Development of subsidence prediction technology from an extensive monitoring program. In: Proceedings, 2nd Workshop on Surface Subsidence Due to Underground Mining, Morgantown, WV.
Karmis, M., P. Schilizzi, and A. Jarosz. 1985a. The development of ground subsidence above underground coal mines in the Appalachian coalfields and its prediction using empirical techniques. In: Proceedings, 2nd Conference on Ground Control Problems in the Illinois Coal Basin, Southern Illinois Univ., Carbondale, IL.
Karmis, M., P. Schilizzi, and A. Jarosz. 1985b. Subsidence planning for longwall mining in the Appalachian coalfield. In: Proceedings, American Mining Congress Annual Convention, Pittsburgh, PA.
Hasenfus, G. 1984. The Prediction of Surface Subsidence Due to Room and Pillar Mining in the Appalachian Coalfield. M.S. Thesis, Mining and Minerals Engineering, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Karmis, M., G. Goodman, and G. Hasenfus. 1984. Subsidence prediction techniques for longwall and room and pillar panels in Appalachia. In: Proceedings, 2nd International Conference on Stability in Underground Mining. AIME and Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.
Karmis, M., C. Haycocks, and T. Triplett. 1984. Ground settlement and deformation characteristics above undermined areas – experiences from the Eastern U.S. Coalfields. In: Proceedings, 4th Australia-New Zealand Conference on Geomechanics, Perth, Australia.
Karmis, M., T. Triplett, and P. Schilizzi. 1984. Recent developments in subsidence prediction and control for the Eastern U.S. coalfields. In: Proceedings, 25th U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL.
Karmis, M., T. Triplett, P. Schilizzi, and G. Hasenfus. 1984. Ground movement characteristics above mined panels in Appalachia – An empirical approach. In: Proceedings, International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering, St. Louis, MO.
Karmis, M., and P. Schilizzi. 1984. Development of a subsidence monitoring program for the Southern Appalachian Coalfields. In: Proceedings, 3rd Conference on Ground Movements and Structures, Univ. of Wales Inst. Science & Tech., Cardiff, Wales, Great Britain.
Triplett, T. 1983. Ground Movements and Deformations Above Mined Panels in Appalachia. M.S. Thesis, Mining and Minerals Engineering, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534

Turfgrass Establishment

Hall, J.R. III, M. Goatley, and C.E. Zipper. 2018. Establishment and Maintenance of Quality Turfgrass on Surface-Mined Land. Virginia Cooperative Extension publication 460-127. https://powell735837127.files.wordpress.com/2020/06/460-127-1.pdf

Vegetable Production on Reclaimed Mines

Morse, R. D. and C. R. O’Dell. 1983. Utilization of minesoils for production of vegetable crops. In: Proceedings, 1983 Symposium on Surface Mining, Hydrology, Sedimentology, and Reclamation. University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.
McMaster, B. J. 1982. No-tillage Squash Production on Agricultural Soil and Minesoil. M.S. Thesis, Dept. of Horticulture, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534

Publications – Past Research: Other Research Areas

Coal Reserves

Westman, E.C., C. Haycocks, and C.E. Zipper. 2000. Estimation of Southwest Virginia Coal Reserves. Virginia Cooperative Extension Publication 460-139. https://powell735837127.files.wordpress.com/2020/06/460-139.pdf
Westman, Erik. 1999. A Characterization and Determination of the Coal Reserves and Resources of Southwest Virginia. Ph.D. Dissertation. Department of Mining and Minerals Engineering, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Westman, Erik., C. Haycocks and M. Karmis. 1998. Resources vs. mineable reserves: The future of central Appalachian coal mining. In: Proceedings, American Society for Mining Engineers Annual Meeting. Orlando, Florida.
Westman, Erik, J. Luo, C. Haycocks, and M. Karmis. 1997. Ground control criteria for coal reserve optimization in multiple seam mines. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Ground Control in Mining. Morgantown. WV.
Crabtree, Walter. 1995. Forecast of Virginia Coal Production. M.S. Thesis. Mining and Minerals Engineering, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534

Curriculum Development

Ellerbrock, Michael (ed). 1998. Economic Education Lessons on Coal: The Power of Virginia – Activities for K-12 Teachers and Extension Agents. Center for Economic Education, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA.

Economic Development

Romano, E., and G. McDowell. 1995. Coal Taxation Revenues and County Finances in Southwestern Virginia. Virginia Cooperative Extension Publication 448-219. Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA. (out of print)
Zipper, C.E., H. Friedman, T.G. Johnson, and S.M. Kambhampaty. 1992. The in-state economic impact of Virginia coal. Virginia Coal and Energy Journal 4:1-20.
Murrmann, Kent F. 1990. Southwest Virginia promise manufacturing industries wage and benefit survey – 1990 Report. Virginia Coalfields Economic Development Authority, Lebanon, VA.
Murrmann, Kent F. 1990. Wages and benefits in manufacturing industries in Virginia’s coal counties. Economic Development Assistance Center, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA.

Housing

Eigelen-Engels, D.A., R.C. Goss, and K.R. Parrott. 1991. Constraints to quality housing in Appalachia: The intermediary perspective. Abstracts of Research Presentations, 1991 American Home Economics Association Annual Meeting. Bloomington, IL.
Parrott, K.R., and R.C. Goss. 1991. Developing methodology for the study of complex social problems: A housing case study. In: Proceedings of the Human Resources Symposium. Virginia Tech. Blacksburg, Virginia.
Parrott, K.R., R.C. Goss, and D.A. Engelen-Eigles. 1991. Qualitative methods in housing research: Understanding mobile home residents’ perspectives through focus groups. In: Proceedings, 1991 Annual Meeting of the American Association of Housing Educators. Durham, NH.

Quality of Life – Virginia Coalfields

Broomhall, David, and Thomas G. Johnson. 1994. Economic factors that influence educational performance in rural schools. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 76(3): 557–567,
Broomhall, David E., and Thomas G. Johnson. 1992. Community and Family Influences on Educational Performance in Appalachian Communities. Southern Rural Development Center Bulletin 161. Southern Rural Development Center, Mississippi State, MS.
Johnson, T. G. 1992. Education and rural economic development. In: Proceedings, 1992 Southern Agricultural Economics Association. Southern Rural Development Center, Mississippi State, MS.
Johnson, T. G. and D. E. Broomhall. 1992. Education and economic development in rural Appalachia. In: Proceedings, 1992 Southern Agricultural Economics Association. Southern Rural Development Center, Mississippi State, MS.
Broomhall, David E. 1991. The Influence of Perceived Employment Opportunities
on Educational Performance in Appalachia. Ph.D. Dissertation. Department of Agricultural Economics, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Johnson, T.G., D. Kraybill, and B. Deaton. 1989. Improvements in well-being in Virginia’s coalfields hampered by low and unstable income. Rural Development Perspectives 6(1): 37-41
Kraybill, D. S., T. G. Johnson and B. J. Deaton. 1987. Income uncertainty and the quality of Life. A Socio-Economic Study of Virginia’s Coal Counties. Bulletin 87-4, Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, Blacksburg, VA.
Bernat, G. A., Jr. and T. G. Johnson. 1985. An input-output model with endogenous unemployment benefits. In: Proceedings, 1985 Annual Meeting of the American Agricultural Economics Association, Ames, IA.
Bernat, G. A., Jr. and T. G. Johnson. 1985. The regional distribution of income: an input-output approach. In: Proceedings, 1985 Annual Meeting of the Southern Regional Science Association, Washington, D.C.
Kraybill, D. S., B. J. Deaton, and T. G. Johnson. 1985. Social indicators for assessing institutional performance in education, health and housing in Appalachia. Proceedings, Appalachian Studies Conference, Berea, KY.

Powell River Project

Zipper, C.E., and J.S. Rockett. 1997. Locality-Based Programming: Virginia Tech’s Powell River Project. Journal of Extension 35(6). https://www.joe.org/joe/1997december/a4.php
Zipper, C. E. 1993. The Powell River Project: A land-grant university program serving Virginia’s coal-producing region. Proceedings, 1993 National Meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation (ASMR). https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings.

Wastewater Renovation

Zipper, C., J. Galbraith, and R. Reneau. 2015. On-Site Treatment and Disposal of Residential Wastewaters on Mined Lands. Virginia Cooperative Extension Publication 460-142. https://powell735837127.files.wordpress.com/2020/06/460-142_pdf.pdf
Zipper, C., R. Reneau, and A. Jantrania. 2003. On-Site Sewage Treatment Alternatives. Virginia Cooperative Extension Publication 448-407. (out of print)
Huang, J., R.B. Reneau, and C. Hagedorn. 2000. Nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands employed to treat domestic wastewater. Water Research 14:2582-2588.
Harrison, Autumn-Lynn, Raymond B. Reneau, Jr., and Charles Hagedorn. 1999. Wastewater renovation with mine-derived fill materials. In: Jose M. Azcue (ed.) Environmental Impacts of Mining Activities – Emphasis on Mitigation and Remedial Measures. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
Peterson, C.E., R.B. Reneau, and C. Hagedorn. 1994. Use of mine fills for biological renovation of domestic wastewater. Journal of Environmental Quality 23: 592-596.
Peterson, Craig E. 1991. On-site Wastewater Disposal Systems on Reclaimed Mined Lands. M.S. Thesis. Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534

Water Resources

Petrie, John E., and P. Diplas. 2000. Statistical approach to sediment sampling accuracy. Water Resources Research 36(2):597-605.
Anderson, Eric. 1999. Determining the Sustainability of Coal Mine Cavity Discharge as a Drinking Water Source. M.S. Thesis, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Petrie, John E. The Accuracy of River Bed Sampling. M.S. Thesis, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Petrie, John E., and P. Diplas. 1999. Statistical analysis of river bed samples. Proceedings, 3rd International Symposium on Ecohydraulics. Salt Lake City, Utah.
Younos, T., D. W. Reaves, and B. A. Wright. 1999. The potential for developing mine cavity water for water supplies: Institutional and Water Quality Issues. Special Report SR12-1999, Virginia Water Resources Research Center, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA.
Younos, T.M. 1998. A feasibility study of rainfall harvesting and small surface-catchment system for drinking water supplies case study: Trammel Gap Community, Dickenson County, Special Report No. SR2-1998. Virginia Water Resources Research Center, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA.
Reaves, Dixie Watt, Tamim Younos, and Kelly Ramsey. 1998. Economic Analysis of Water Hauling for Southwest Virginia Communities. Special Report No. SR5-1998, Virginia Water Resources Research Center, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA.
Younos, Tamim, R. Bohdin, E. Anderson, K. Ramsey, N. Cook, B. Ross, T. Dillaha. 1998. Evaluation of Rooftop Rainfall Collection-Cistern Storage Systems in Southwest Virginia. Special Report No. SP3-1998. Virginia Water Resources Research Center, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA.
Ross, B., J. Blankenship, J. Rockett, K. Parrott, and B. Wyatt. 1996. Evaluation of Household Water Quality in Buchanan County, Virginia. Virginia Cooperative Extension, Household Water Quality Series. Number 21 (out of print).
Ross, B., J. Cassell, P. Collier, J. Rockett, K. Parrott, and B. Wyatt. 1996. Evaluation of Household Water Quality in Scott County, Virginia. Virginia Cooperative Extension, Household Water Quality Series. Number 16 (out of print).
Ross, B., P. Chambers, J. Rockett, K. Parrott, and B. Wyatt. 1996. Evaluation of Household Water Quality in Russell County, Virginia. Virginia Cooperative Extension, Household Water Quality Series. Number 18 (out of print).
Ross, B., J. Harris, L. Crawford, J. Rockett, K. Parrott, and B. Wyatt. 1996. Evaluation of Household Water Quality in Tazewell County, Virginia. Virginia Cooperative Extension, Household Water Quality Series. Number 19 (out of print).
Ross, B., R. Harris, S. Herndon, J. Rockett, K. Parrott, and B. Wyatt. 1996. Evaluation of Household Water Quality in Wise County, Virginia. Virginia Cooperative Extension, Household Water Quality Series. Number 17 (out of print).
Ross, B., H. Jerrell, J. Rockett, K. Parrott, and B. Wyatt. 1996. Evaluation of Household Water Quality in Lee County, Virginia. Virginia Cooperative Extension, Household Water Quality Series. Number 20 (out of print).
Ross, B., J. Rockett, C. Zipper, K. Parrott, D. Weigmann, and B. Wyatt. 1996. Evaluation of Household Water Quality in Virginia’s Coal-Producing Counties. Virginia Cooperative Extension, Household Water Quality Series. Number 24 (out of print).
Ross, B., G. Dingus, P. Deel, F. Herndon, J. Rockett, K. Parrott, and B. Wyatt. 1995. Evaluation of Household Water Quality in Dickenson County, Virginia. Virginia Cooperative Extension, Household Water Quality Series. Number 15 (out of print).
Harlow, G.E. Jr., and G.D. LeCain. 1991. Hydraulic Characteristics of, and Groundwater Flow in, Coal-Bearing Rocks of Southwestern Virginia. U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 91-250, USGS, Reston, VA.
Ross, B. B., S. A. Rosenberry, and T. A. Dillaha. 1987. Assessment of individual water supply and waste disposal systems by residents of the Virginia coalfields. Virginia Cooperative Extension publication 460-113 (out of print).
Ross, B. B., S. A. Rosenberry, and T. A. Dillaha. 1987. Hydrological and environmental conditions in the Virginia coalfields as perceived by water users and agencies. Virginia Cooperative Extension publication 460-114 (out of print).
Ross, B. B., S. A. Rosenberry, and T. A. Dillaha. 1987. Residents’ appraisal of water supply and quality in the coal mining region of Southwest Virginia. Briefing Papers – Forum on Water Resources Research and Investigations, Virginia Water Resources Research Center (out of print).
Rosenberry, S. A., B. B. Ross and T. A. Dillaha. 1986. Residents’ Appraisal of Water Supply and Quality in the Coal Mining Region of Southwest Virginia. VPI&SU, College of Agric. and Life Sci. Info. Series 86-2 (out of print).
Ross, B. B., S. A. Rosenberry, and T. A. Dillaha. 1986. Local attitudes toward domestic water problems in Southwest Virginia. Va. Agric. Exp. Sta., Agric. Res. Digest No. 17 (out of print).
Yagow, E. R., B. B. Ross and W. L. Magette. 1984. An Annotated Bibliography of Water Resources Information for Southwest Virginia. VPI & SU, College of Agric. and Life Sci. Info. Series 84-3 (out of print).

Wood Processing Industries

Walters, James T. 1998. Determining the Financial Feasibility of a Wood Products Industrial Park. M.S. Thesis, Forestry, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534
Muench, John. 1990. Forest-Based Economic Development Opportunities in Southwest Virginia: Why and How. Economic Development Assistance Center, Virginia Tech (out of print),
Clements, Stephen, W. Leuschner, and H. Wisdom. 1988. A local roundwood supply and price assessment model. Canadian Journal of Forestry Research 18:1563-1569.
McCay, T., and H. Wisdom. 1984. Feasibility of small mill investments for utilizing small-diameter hardwoods from coal lands in southwestern Virginia. Forest Products Journal 34(6):43-48.
Wisdom, H. W., and T. D. McCay. 1984. Small mill investments for utilizing hardwood forests in southwestern Virginia. Virginia Cooperative Extension publication 460-108 (out of print).
McCay, T. 1983. The Forestry Potential of Penn Virginia Corporation Lands. M.S. Thesis, Forestry, Virginia Tech. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/5534

Current and Recent Research Areas

Past Research: Mine Reclamation and Environmental Protection

Past Research: Other Research Areas

Publications – Current and Recent Research

Biomass/Bioenergy

Mine Reforestation

Soil Weathering; Soil Construction and Development

Restoration of Streams and Hydrology on Mined Landscapes

Total Dissolved Solids in Mine Water Discharges and Streams

Publications – Past Research: Mine Reclamation and Environmental Protection

Abandoned Mine Land Reclamation and Remining

Acid Mine Drainage Impacts

Acid Mine Drainage Remediation

Christmas Trees

Coal Combustion Products

Coal Refuse Reclamation

Ecosystem Development and Wildlife Habitat

Land Development for Housing and Industry

Livestock Forages and Production

Mine Planning

Revegetation

Slope Stability – Approximate Original Contour

Stream Restoration – Compensatory Mitigation

Subsidence

Turfgrass Establishment

Vegetable Production on Reclaimed Mines

Publications – Past Research: Other Research Areas

Coal Reserves

Curriculum Development

Economic Development

Housing

Quality of Life – Virginia Coalfields

Powell River Project

Wastewater Renovation

Water Resources

Wood Processing Industries

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